Mapp vs. Ohio Cort Case

Mapp V Ohio â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated,† Mapp V. Ohio (1961) dealt with that very sentence of the constitution. Were the officers at fault or Mapp? This complex question has a complex answer one that puzzled the Supreme Court and led to a change in criminal procedure. The verdict was a strict interpretation of the constitution. The fourth amendment was relevant because the fourteenth amendment grunted due process. It was a very good decision, it protected the black minority who at the time were being routinely harassed and convicted for no reasons. This decision certainly did not stop that but it made it harder for the police to seize evidence unlawfully and put a stop to bad practice of law at the state level. The land mark Supreme Court ruling on Mapp v Ohio changed the way people thought of the fourth amendment and how it could be applied to protect the individual form unlawful search and seizure. Previously the law surrounding the fourth amendment’s protection from unjust searches was extremely enigmatic. Its application varied form case to case until the Weeks rule was enacted in 1914. The Supreme Court ruled that evidence obtained via an illegal search and seizure was not admissible in federal court. However the Supreme Court did not make the states adopt the Weeks rule. The legal loop hole it created made it legal for states to present and prosecute with evidence detained in an unconstitutional tactic. In Mapp v Ohio a case that brought all the questions into the spotlight. On May 23, 1957, three Cleveland police officers arrived at appellant's residence in that city perusing information that â€Å"a person [was] hiding out in the home, who was wanted for questioning in connection with a recent bombing, and that there was a large amount of policy paraphernalia being hidden in the home. † Ms. Mapp was living with her daughter when the police officers arrived and demanded entrance to her home. After consulting her attorney she did not allow them in without a warrant. The officer’s left leaving one man to watch the house. Three hours later the police came back with more officers. After breaking down the door they brandished a piece of paper they claimed to be a warrant. Mapp snatched the piece of paper and stuffed it down her shirt. After a short altercation the â€Å"warrant† was retrieved. Immediately following the confrontation the officers’ embarked on a top to bottom search of the Mapp residence. They found no evidence of the gambling equipment or the suspect in the recent bombing. Frustrated with the fruitless search the police focused on a suitcase they found tucked under a bed. Inside the suitcase were a small collection of pornographic pictures and magazines. In Cleveland it is illegal to possess obscene materials. She was tried and convicted of possession of obscene materials. The constitutional question is whether or not the rights of the fourth amendment are viable in state courts. The fourth amendment gives the people the right to privacy and protects them from unlawful searches and seizures. When the Warren court ruled in favor of Mapp, Justice Clark cited two constitutional amendments that protected Ms. Mapp. â€Å"Since the Fourth Amendment's right of privacy has been declared enforceable against the States through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth, it is enforceable against them by the same sanction of exclusion as is used against the Federal Government. He reasoned that because the states had to abide by the fourth amendment’s right to privacy then the exclusionary rule should also be applied to state courts. Clark also addressed the concern of letting a criminal go when he or she is legally not guilty because of the excusatory rule, â€Å"it is the law that sets him free† and that â€Å"nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws. † The law must be observed in all instances where it is viable. In the case of Mapp v Ohio the Warren court overturned her conviction by a vote of 6-3. Justice Clark wrote the decision and argued because the fourteenth amendment guaranteed protection in state court then the fourth amendment excusatory rule was clearly enforceable in state court. Clark cited the fat that 26 states had already adopted the excusatory rule. The Supreme Court could no longer trust the state courts to manage themselves. With discrimination and ill practice extensively practiced throughout the states the population was becoming tired of it. The bulk of society was ready for this ruling years before it occurred. Justice Clark had a history of dealing with fourth amendment cases ruling in favor of the defendant in United States v. Jeffers. The counter argument to the verdict was described by commentators as â€Å"the most significant limitation ever imposed on state criminal procedure by the Supreme Court in a single judgment. † Clamming that â€Å"justice would be obstructed and limited by procedure† The court’s decision to find Mapp innocent was a liberal ruling. When the ruling was made many police officers did not respect blacks. Mapp was a black women and that was a big part of the case. In that time it was acceptable to search and seize Negros belongings without a warrant and it was done on a regular basis. It was liberal because it protected the minority taking power away from state governments and greatly limiting the ability for the police to gather evidence in unlawful ways. When the verdict came to fruition many of the states fighting this verdict were also heavily opposed to the Brown vs. Board of Education case. The connection being that these racist states were worried blacks would gain rights and they would no longer be able to seize their belongings unlawfully. Once again this law took power away from these racist state governments and gave power to the blacks who were regularly- being harassed and having there belongings searched and seized. Illegal search and seizure has been an issue that plagued the court system for years. Flurries of cases were brought to the Supreme Court before and after Mapp vs. Ohio case. Many cases were decided in favor of illegal evidence being applicable in court. Such as Carroll v. United States 267 U. S. 132 (1925) a case that denied the suppression of evidence because it was illegally seized. George Carroll and John Kiro were arrested for the transportation of alcohol in violation of the Volstead Act (national alcohol prohibition) and subsequently convicted. The Supreme Court upheld the decision by a vote of 6-2. Weeks v. United States 232 U. S. 383 (1914) created the excusatory rule and was the first trial where evidence was deemed to be not viable in court because of the way it was gathered. The excusatory rule has been dumbed down a lot from its original scope and applications, several cases have limited the fourth amendment in court. United States v. Calandra, 414 U. S. 338 (1974) limited the rule by allowing evidence to be used to convict a man who was a loan shark. They had a warrant to search and seize gambling paraphilia, when an officer discovered and seized several documents relating to a loan shark operation. When he was being tried for this offense Calandra attempted to suppress the evidence because it was not specified in the warrant. The Supreme Court ruled that it was appropriate for use in the court. Justice Powel mad the decision, Powell limited the scope of the exclusionary rule in holding that it did not limit the government's ability to use illegally seized evidence in â€Å"all proceedings or against all persons†. Holding that the duties of a grand jury would be substantially hindered by allowing a witness to invoke the exclusionary rule while offering only a minimal limiting effect on police misconduct. Although no cases completely overturned the Mapp v. Ohio ruling several more cases did limit the power of the rule in favor of the greater good and not allowing criminals to walk because of a procedural issue. The overall impact of Mapp v. Ohio is immeasurable. The American people won a victory for privacy and seriously limited police’s ability to gather evidence. This was a good interpretation of the constitution. The fourteenth amendment clearly states that everyone is entitled to the due process of law, â€Å"nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. † Thus making the fourth amendment applicable in state courts.

Happy Life – Essay

What Is a successful life? Is it a life without concern about money, without caring about interpersonal legislations, or without suffering any discomforts? To me, if it were a life without caring about others, people would not feel happiness. If it were a life of just working hard, people would lose their family. If it were a life of being selfish all the time, people would not feel the taste of love. Therefore, In order to have a happy life, we need to control our willpower, have a good relationship with others and then live with any pains.Will power plays a very important role in one's life. When we were born, everything looks interesting to us. Or in some other cases, we are looking for troubles that we are not intended to. That is why kids need to be educated. Facts such as failing to control one's Impulses, low frustration tolerance, and failing to plan ahead always happen for a young kid. That Is why young children need constant supervision from our parents or teachers. In thes e cases, most of the will power Is established In one's childhood.As an example from the reading, † Don't, the secret of self-control†, Joana Lealer explain well why our young generation needs a good self-control to be successful in our life. His article summarizes research on self-control in children and how this factor will predict success later in their life. In his articles, researchers showed four-year-old kids a marshmallow, and told them that they â€Å"could eat one marshmallow right away, or If they were willing to wait while he stepped out for a few minutes, they could have two marshmallow when he returned. (Lealer 2009) some kids ate one marshmallow very soon, while 30% were able to wait until the researcher returned 15 minutes later-?a very long time in the life of four-year-old. Interestingly, the researchers also followed up these kid twenty years later, they found that the kids who could delay 15 minutes had an average S. A. T score that was 210 points ra ter that those who delay 30 seconds or less. (Lealer 2009) To their credit, those kids who could delay longer had fewer behavioral problems, dealt with stressful situations and maintain friendship better.I am not saying those well behave kids would be successful in the future, but at least they can control their will power, which will help them build their life better. As I was in my high school year, I met some friends who are extremely out of self-control. In their cases, they prefer having troubles with teachers and school disciplines rather than studying. They didn't come to school on time, and do the homework by themselves. I think they are In a bad they told me they feel so regret at their high school years. From them I know some of their fellows went to Jail after.That is the reason why we need a good self-control, no one want to spend the rest of his or her life in Jail. Besides having a strong will power, we also need to communicate well with others. The scale of being succ essful or happy is not measured by how much cash is in your pocket, but the relationships with others. More precisely, a good mental health really matters in one's life. In the article, â€Å"What makes us happy', Joshua Wolf Sheen argues the how interpersonal allegations effects one's life. Sheen s article is based on the Grant Study.The grant study was longitudinal research by subjects had been followed for about 70 years. The subjects were all Harvard male student from the classes of 1942, 43 and 44. The main researcher of this study, George Villain, thought, â€Å"the only things that really matters in life are your relationships to other people†. (Cheekiness) Villain regards the relationship to other people as the most important factor of people's life. It is very important to maintain close interpersonal relationships not only with our family, but also with our friends and other people.Sandra Bullock, for an example, explains us well why we need to maintain good interp ersonal relationships. In the article, † The Sandra Bullock Trade†, David Brooks persuade his audiences that, † marital happiness or interpersonal relationships is more than an accomplishment in a profession. † (Brooks 2010) In the article, Brooks discusses two things that happened to Sandra Bullock in one month, she found out that her husband was cheating on her and she won an Academy Award. Although as a normal person, we don't have a clue how Bullock feels, we know that Bullock doesn't have a happy family.Although Bullock is so successful in her career, she has no support from his family. In my opinion, I think she put too much effort into her career and she loses her family. Once one's family is not on their back, their success will not count. Besides having a good self-control and interpersonal relationship, we also need to face our pains. The more difficulties we have met, the more experiences we will have for life, and the more successful we will be in our life. From Sheens article, † What makes us Happy', he illustrates how pains related to one's happy life.I really like his mint about interpersonal relations. However, I disagree with what you said about â€Å"your feeling of how happy your life was depended on how you think, not on how many difficulties you had met. † (Sheen 2007) In my opinions, life is based on how many difficulties you have met. Because the more pains you suffered, the more experienced you will be, and the easier we will learn how to deal with them. In my family, my dad always gives me advice upon any difficulty I have met. Because he suffered those pains before, and he Just doesn't want to come through with them again.But there must be one day he can't advice me any more, because my dad and I are in a different mode of life. Thus, I need to be fully experienced to build my family. With good self-control, maintaining good interpersonal relation, and living with any pains are the ways to build a successful life. Different people suffer different lives. From the time we were born, we will face the questionnaire upon how our life will be. No one can answer this question, no one will know how one's life will be, and no one can conclude whether the life is successful or not. We start, and we should

Must be business related and must be current Term Paper

Must be business related and must be current - Term Paper Example In 1997 it spent DM 14.7 billion on R&D, 24% of the total business sector R&D expenditure in Germany that year. In 1995 50,000 employees were engaged in R&D, 6% more than in 1991. The impact is clear in patent statistics. The automotive industry registered 1,892 patents in 1990, 2,940 in 1996 (out of a total of 9,342 patents registered world-wide). Thus 31% per cent of patents registered in 1995 were German, compared to 25% Japanese and 19% US-American; German patents. The uniqueness of Volkswagen's governance is based on a bespoke law named the â€Å"VW Act† enacted in 1960 when Volkswagen was privatised, and a corresponding company statute. This legislation includes, among other directives, a required two-third majority on the supervisory board for any decisions on new plants or plant relocation thus ensuring that the government and labour representatives could not be overruled in decisions concerning changes of location and employment security. This has led to consistency i n providing a solid basis for continued innovation. In the late 90s VW moved upmarket with its purchase of Audi but also retained the lower end of the market with it’s purchase of Skoda. ... 2. The business situation involved: innovation at VW AG According to sources at VW, the main advantages of electronic communication is the reduction of adminstrative work, the acceleration of processes, improved planning accuracy and improved transparency in the collaboration with its suppliers. The development of this B2B supplier procurement platform has produced remarkable savings for both VW and suppliers over the past 5 years. Reference to statistics at VWGroupSupply in the Annual Report show that, as well as the doubling of suppliers using the platform over the past 4 years, VW now handles all of its contracts through this system generating transactions up to $56 million resulting in a saving of up to $70 million on the legacy direct procurement methods. Lee, S (2003) carried out a comparative study of leadership in innovation within the automotive B2B sector and rates VW as the leader in this field with Opel, BMW and Daimler following in order. The type of innovation character ised by VW’s B2B supplier platform is essentially that of process integration rather than product innovation per se. The advantage for VW, beyond the savings already mentioned, is the ability to accelerate the time to market for new models. This is partly facilitated by the fact that component orders that would have previously taken up to a month to process are now executable within a few days with a comcomitant shedding of bureaucracy. In terms of future stability of this platform, firms would seem to be so well-integrated into the system that they could not operate their procurement without it. The drivers behind this innovation are both diseconomies of scale created when VW diversified their global production to include the USA in the mid-70s. This was

English-Only Rule at the Workplace Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English-Only Rule at the Workplace - Assignment Example This paper will begin with the statement that Title VII provides guidelines on the possible application of English-only rules at the workplace. The application of such rules can be done non-discriminatorily under various circumstances at the workplace. It is very important for employers to understand the guidelines of Title VII on the use of English-only rule policies at the workplace since it is very easy to face litigation from non-English speaking employees of the company.  The application of English-only rules at the workplace is justified by ‘business necessity’ in the event that it is a requirement for an employer to work efficiently and safely (Bennett & Hartman, 2009). For Morales, it important to note various circumstances, which may justify the adoption of English-only rules. Morales as the employer and majority of the workers speak only English. In these circumstances, it complies with Title VII to apply English-only rules as an important requirement for com munication with clients, coworkers, or supervisors who speak English only. This is applicable at the Morales’ warehouse where the majority of the workers and the supervisor (Morales) speaks only English.  Another important exception to the English-only rule is safety requirements at the workplace (Vettori, 2007). Some high-risk jobs require employees to have a uniform language in case of emergencies. At the warehouse, Morales may justify the application of such a rule citing safety issues, which may be valid in this kind of business. Title VII allows for the adoption of English only rules where there is evidence of safety justifications for such a rule. Further, this rule may be justified for efficiency purposes in cooperative assignments where the majority of people speak only English and hence citing the importance of speaking a language understood by all (Wheeler, Klaas & Mahony, 2004).

Observation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Observation - Essay Example He is one of those people who have the talent for making a person feel really welcome. Though the shop is located in the suburbs, in a sparse neighborhood, yet all sorts of people prefer to visit this place owing to its rustic appeal, the social variety it offers, the jovial nature of old Joe and to have a cup of good coffee and a hearty cheese sandwich at a warm and friendly place. It is early morning and I am here to have breakfast after working long hours on a particularly difficult English assignment. As usual old Joe is sitting behind the counter, placing his chubby hands gently over his generous belly, passing a broad smile to every new visitor. I am rubbing my sleepy eyes, trying to get rid of the fatigue that has overtaken me. Going by the early hours most of the tables are still unoccupied. An aged couple is occupying the table to the left of me. They must be in their seventies. The husband is slowly munching a cheese sandwich while the wife is looking at him with tender eyes. Both of them are quiet, focusing more on the breakfast. The table in front of me has three young people sitting there, one boy and two girls, all the three in their early twenties, loudly laughing and chuckling as they talk over the breakfast. The table in the ill lit corner is occupied by a tall man with grizzled hair who looks really handsome. He is accompanied by a lady who seems to be a bit over weight, but otherwise cute. Both seem to be engaged in some intimate conversation, totally oblivious of other people in the shop. The place is gradually warming up with more people walking in. Here come a group of college students, five of them, three gents and two girls, all of them really loud. Being lost in my reveries I am not able to grab much of their conversation except for the bits and pieces like â€Å"History†, â€Å"Kills’, â€Å"missed the class†, â€Å"What a bore!†. Perhaps they are talking about the history

The Erechtheion on the Acropolys of Athens Essay

The Erechtheion on the Acropolys of Athens - Essay Example If we wish to understand ourselves, we must take care not to eliminate the ‘shell’ of our past, for it is the physical record of our aspirations and achievements† (Roth 3). This is a perfect analogy for the buildings we construct because the oldest segments of the nautilus shell are found within the depths of its interior just as the oldest concepts of architecture are still found within the depths of our architectural core theories. What Roth is suggesting is that architectural knowledge of any type must necessarily build upon the work completed in the past and this work remains forever embedded within the frameworks created in the present. As a result, there remains a great deal to be learned from some of the existing architectural works of the ancient past such as the Erechtheion on the Acropolis of Athens. Attempting to trace the architectural theories of the ancients is not as easy as it might seem as there were a number of architects working at the same time, not all of whom worked from the same foundational theories which had yet to be codified. An example of this is best illustrated by more modern examples. Even though we have access to numerous books and articles about Greek art and architecture today, there are still a great number of theories in existence as to what exactly comprises architecture. These theories continue to change with time, material, usage of the structure and so forth. This makes architectural theory even today difficult to standardize. â€Å"The majority of programs that purport to be theories of architecture seek to combine aesthetic, social and practical considerations in an integrated whole; the emphasis being either theoretical or practical, according to whether the author is an architect himself, and on whom he is writing for† (Kruft 14). In other words, there seems to be as many theories of architecture today as there are architects and it seems reasonable to assume that this same condition existed in the past as it does now. If there were fewer theories in antiquity, this would be more the result of a fewer number of working architects rather than a limited number of ideas to float around. Extending back even to the ancient Romans, though, architects began to record their theories for the benefit of future generations to build and expand upon. Thus, they are able to continue to contribute to developing thought many years after their physical deaths. These published discussions are invaluable because they reveal the influences of the ancients and reveal some of the common shared theories that may have been employed by the ancient Greeks. An important figure in the recording of these ideas was the Roman Vitruvius. Vitruvius was originally an artillery engineer who worked during the period of Augustus, the first Roman emperor, but he made his name a part of history through his work as an architect and an author. â€Å"His ten books on architecture, De Architectura (trans. 1914) , are the oldest surviving work on the subject. They consist of dissertations on a wide variety of subjects relating to architecture, engineering, sanitation, practical hydraulics, acoustic vases, and the like. Much of the material appears to have been taken from earlier extinct treatises by Greek architects† (Calter). Within his texts, Vitruvius outlines three basic elements of design he and presumably the

Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 14

1 - Assignment Example in organizing intrusion and/or misuse scenarios by: utilizing known vulnerabilities and weak system points and analyzing system dependencies and weak points and then represent these weaknesses on. Attack trees establish an intuitive model that systematically describes the possible attack scenarios on a system and therefore forms the basis for threat analysis (Ghazizadeh & Zamani, 2012). Basically, the difference is in the two techniques used for encryption i.e. symmetric and public key encryption. Both the sender and the receiver in symmetric encryption share the same key to encrypt and decrypt a message. This is achieved using the secret key. In public key encryption, the sender and the receiver both have public and a private key. The private key is known only to the person who holds and the public key is known by other users. The difference between the two keys is that the secret key is used in symmetric encryption while the private key is used in public key encryption or asymmetric encryption (Brooks, 2005). Both parties i.e. sender and the receiver hold the secret key while private key is only held by one of the parties, each party has his own private key. A private key is generated for an asymmetric encryption algorithm which is retained by the owner while the accompanying public key is open for others to use for secure communications/authentication. The priva te key isn’t shared with any person. A secret key on the other hand is a single key used in symmetric encryption algorithm and is only shared between the communicating parties and kept secret from all the others. The key must be transmitted to or shared with all parties by sue of a method outside the communication link it is intended to secure. Biometrics are defined as metrics related to human characteristics. Biometrics authentication is a form of identification and access control used to identify persons in groups under surveillance. The identifiers use unique and measurable traits to label and

Business report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business report - Essay Example Suppose opportunities are available to the organization and within your control then they can be classified as strengths. If potential threats are identified as soon as possible then they can be proactively dealt with since being informed is a kin to being forearmed. The current Rocked product line evoked interest among potential buyers in our survey and in the focus group although the current price is rather exaggerated. The major disadvantage that comes with this is that it discourages customers from going for the rocked product. The focus group also gave us insight into changes that might make the product more attractive to potential buyers. The most prioritized concern that needs to be addressed is the high cost. For recommendation, the product should be completely redesigned and should focus on only selling bracelets until the company expands its product line. The redesign serves to resolve issues found in primary research, while still maintaining the titanium performance aspect that has defined the target from conception. The product is currently jewelry that falls into the high-end jewelry market though we believe after hearing from the focus group that if the product is supposed to have some connection to physical activity it should not have the appearance of a high-end product. The bracelet should simply be a band of .5 millimeter knitting cord with a stone pendent that is held by 2 titanium hands. This new product design would address many of the problems of the current product and most importantly, it should be much cheaper to produce hence less production costs. A single strand of nylon, a cheap colored stone, and the two titanium hands will have much lower material costs along with lower labor costs. Besides, it will also create a lighter product that can be worn at all times. Lighter weight eliminates a degree of worry for those clients who are looking for jewelry that can be

Organizational behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Organizational behavior - Assignment Example Positive organizational culture helps to improve the relationship between the organization and the regulatory authorities. Organizations with a positive corporate culture are guaranteed of success in the long-run. This is because customers gain a lot of interest in the products of a company whose organizational culture is strong (Bratton et al 10). It is also necessary for organizations to have a positive culture since it creates a favorable work environment. As a result, the employees feel motivated to work and give their best while performing the assigned tasks. Organizations whose cultures are positive can have the tasks performed effectively and with a lot of efficiency. Moreover, organizational culture helps organizations to adapt to change with a lot of ease. Compared to organizations whose corporate culture is weak, firms with a positive culture can adapt to changes in technology, as well as advancements in the way business is conducted. Organizations with a strong culture have the ability to create unique brands and at the same time perform well financially (Schein

Japan-Korea Trade Relations Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Japan-Korea Trade Relations - Term Paper Example The contraction of the trade relations between Korea and Japan initiated between the years 1929 and 1933 which was the period of the Great Depression. However this contraction in the trade was temporary. The trade expanded again after the year 1933. The expansion was fast and the exports to and imports from Japan were 80% of the total exports and imports. The trade relations between Japan and Korea were severed after the World War II. As compared to the exports before the World War II, Korea’s exports were negligible. The exports in the year 1953 were merely 1% of the total Grand National Product (GNP); however the imports were 10%. This difference in exports and imports affected the Korean economy in a negative way and it created a very sophisticated system of exchange rates (Hong, 1979). Due to the Korean War, trade with Japan stimulated; however the extent of imports was far larger than that of exports. The scenario changed again the trade between Korea and Japan came down to a very insignificant rate of GNP by the end of 1950s. In the 1960s, trade between Korea and Japan began to grow again and by the mid of the decade the trade relations between both these countries were established. Both the imports from and exports to Japan rose by a significant degree and they accounted for a high proportion of the total imports and exports of Korea. From the perspective of Japan, exports to Korea were 2.8% of the total exports in the year 1962 (Haggard 1990). In the early 1960s, the President of Korea had initiated designing economic reforms that encouraged trade relations with Japan. Such reforms included unification of the exchange rates and the controls on exchange were... Any impact on these economies would affect the rest of the economies in the region; therefore it is highly important that both the economies remain stable. In the recent past, it has been observed that without any cooperation, these economies would not be able to handle the economic crisis in the Asia. The Asian economic crisis caused both these countries to promote a closer economic relationship. This time, it was determined that mere private sector cooperation would not suffice, but the economies will have to cooperate at governmental level. Thus, it can be inferred that the trade relations between Japan and Korea are just as important for the region as they are important for these two economies. According to Yamazawa, a framework is being designed that would help Japan and Korea to implement upon their plan for a closer economic relationship. The framework would also include a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) which would facilitate the trade among these two countries even more. The trade relations between Korea and Japan have not been quite smooth since their very inception. There have been certain factors that keep the trade between these countries from developing. According to historical facts, Japan and Korea have made a number of attempts to improve the trade. However, the imbalance in the trade between these countries kept increasing over the years till the trade deficit reached a very high point. The trades relations have been unfavorable since then, however both the countries have been trying to get improve the trade relations once again and discussions between the officials of both the countries are underway.

Young Enterprise Essay Example for Free

Young Enterprise Essay Richard Branson. Sir Allen Sugar. Sir John Harvey Jones. All of these men are successful entrepreneurs that began with a thought but ended with a million. How ever they had to become a successful entrepreneur they had to enterprise. So what is enterprising? Well enterprising is a set of skills that a business man or women do that will earn him profits that he will take as his wages. However enterprising is not that easy it requires a whole range of skills that will allow him or her to enterprise successfully. The Skills required are E.N.T.E.R.P.R.I.S.I.N.G.: Effort- Effort is important for enterprising. Before selling an item or making a sufficient deal you need to put some effort in. The amount of effort you put towards your deal will determine how much you get out of your deal. Negotiable- Before selling both sides the seller and consumer have to meet at an agreeable price. You might want the price and the consumer might want it lower so therefore if you want to enterprise you need to negotiate. Time management- A good entrepreneur always has track of time. To enterprise you need to be on time for your meetings and be proficient at moving from job to job. If you are not you will be looked down by the consumer and this may effect your status. Enthusiasm- Enthusiasm is important for enterprising. If one of your team members are lacking in their job and have too much to do if you are enthusiastic then you can offer to help them. This will give you a challenge to do as well as being looked at for specific skills and qualities. Risk- Risks are important in life and especially if you are going to enterprise. You need to take some risks without being nervous and manage them. You need to have courage because in most cases risks are the little things that make the money. Performance- Performance is also key. Your performance will reflect on how successful you are. Performance is not only how much you achieve e.g. how much profit you have made. Performance is how determined you are to meet a target/ goal and how quickly you achieve it. Responsibility- If you are going to be a successful entrepreneur then you need to be reliable and consistent. You will need to complete all of you responsibilities before you relax. If you can not handle your responsibility there is a high chance of you getting fired. Intelligent- In business and enterprising you will need to be intelligent. You will need to be clever as you will be working with numbers. You will need to plan your project and think up the positive and negative sides to you plan. This can only be done by an intelligent worker. Self motivated- if you are working as a team you are set a target. As a team member you need to motivate your team as well as your self to make you believe that you are able to achieve your target. If you do not then your team would not be determined and will perform poorly. Independence- Independence is a key factor. Although you will have to work in groups you need to have independence. You will need to be able to work independently and not always with a team. Your independence will reflect you image as an entrepreneur. Neuro Linguistic- Neuro linguistic is long complex words that mean communication skills. To become a successful entrepreneur you need to have good body language and communication skills. If you are in a meeting or putting across an idea you will need good communication skills to show that you are serious and look professionals. Good ideas- If you are going to be enterprising you need to think of good ideas. You need to cover every aspect of detail before you put your idea forward. QUALIFICATIONS AND ACHIEVMENTS To become an entrepreneur you will need some achievements and academic qualifications. You will need a high standard level in maths and English in your GCSEs. If you want a better chance then higher education will help such as: Accountancy; this will shoe you profits and costs. Economics; help you studies the economies around the world and stock market. Business Studies; this will help you to manage and setup your on business successfully. Also if you want a job it will be good to show: Reference; to show your performance. Experience; to show that you are capable and you have worked in a high pressured environment. RICHARD BRANSON There are many successful entreoeuners in the U.K. However Richard Branson is one of many that have generally met the skills needed. Richard Branson left school at the age of 16 and started a student Advisory Centre. At the age of the 20 he became independent and had a good idea of setting up a record retailer in Oxford Street called Virgin. On the way he started with nothing. However he was self- motivated and his effort for hunting down singers finally paid off. Eventually he signed Belinda Carlisle, Genesis, Phil Collins and Culture Club. His record company was becoming successful and there was more responsibility for Richard Branson. After 12 years f successful enterprising Richard took his intelligence to the next level. After his great performance in virgin he took a major risk and in 1984 he opened Virgin Atlantic Airways which became the 2nd largest international airline service. This was an airline business which earned millions. Due to this he sold Virgin to EMI. However from starting selling records Richard Branson now owns Virgin Coke, Vie make-up, Virgin Vodka, Virgin Insurance, Virgin Mobile phones (which he sold for 1 million pounds in 2006) and a Nigerian based airline called Virgin Nigeria. In 2007 Branson began flights from San Francisco airport called Virgin America. Now Virgin is worth $2.8 billion. Richard Branson began with a though but ended with a couple of billion. He met most of the E.N.T.E.R.P.R.I.S.I.N.G criteria and now continues his multi billon dollar worth company. WHY IS ENTERPRISING IMPORTANT Enterprising is important to the UKs economy. It helps the U.K socialise with other foreign countries. If there is a good deal then other countries would interact and involve the U.K with other business project which will make the U.K reflect a positive image to the world.

The Piano History Essay Example for Free

The Piano History Essay In the 1700’s the piano was invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori in Florence, Italy first introduced to the world as the pianoforte meaning â€Å"Soft loud†. â€Å"In the last quarter of the 18th century the piano had become the leading instrument of the western art of music that still lives on till today as an exotic instrument played by talented people in the world.† (Wendy Powers, 2003) Music has lived on from the beginning of time by all cultures and races for decades. Music is known to make the heart, soul, and brain one. Without this invention Beethoven would have not made the music that lives on till today and many other talented famous throughout the world. The piano reaches out to the most inner deepest soul all the way to keys that charge up chakras for well-being. A piano has 8 white keys c,d,e,f,g,a,b,c and 5 black known as the Chromatic scale which is 13 including next count which correlates with the 8, 11, 13 chakras. Bartolomeo Cristofori was born on May 4 on 1655 and passed away in 1731. Bartolomeo Cristofori’s occupation was a harpsichord maker and a designer. By 1688, Prince Ferdinando de Medici of Florence, son of the Grand Duke of Tuscany got Bartolomeo Cristofori because of his talent and reputation. The princes owned forty harpsichords and spinets, and hired Cristofori at the age of 33 to both curate the collection, and build new ones. Cristofori became the custodian of the instruments in the court in starting from 1690. Around 1700, he began to work on an instrument on which the player could achieve changes in loudness just by changing the force with which the keys were struck. Instead of the quill jacks used to pluck the string on the harpsichord, Cristofori’s innovation was to devise a way in which the strings were struck from below by individual hammers covered in deer leather. He had created the first two harpsichords with the first real escapement mechanism. When Italian Renaissance spread throughout Europe, the upsurge of innovation in art, culture and science was developing todays known as culturally rich. The 17th and the 18th centuries, decades from when the piano was invented the history of Italy is considered part of the early modern period. However this period, at least the first half, is often closely associated with the dominant artistic and architectural movement known as Baroque. The era of Italian Baroque was the birth of opera as a major form of entertainment. Unlike the plays popular up to this time, opera combined music and theatre into a spectacle that was designed to be a feast for the senses (Chakras). The origins of opera are credited to a Late Renaissance group of poets, musicians and humanist known as the Florentine Camerata, thanks to Bartolomeo Cristofori invention. This time also was marked the beginning of long foreign domination of Italy in the aftermath of the Italian Wars of the 16th century. After these wars were over, the Italian landscape was peaceful for a long time, expression with art talks during these time periods. The Renaissance in Italy was over by 1600 but Italy still made up a large portion of the European economy. However, the economic power of the country as a whole declined and none of the various Italian states did anything concrete to take advantage of the Industrial Revolution but they did however make other history in humanities. From the 14th century until the late 17th century, Italy grieved a very high death rate from many outbreaks of the plague. They are known as the Black Death and associated with medieval times; this plague did not come even come to a near end in the 13th century. The largest death toll had been in the early 1600s when an estimated 1,730,000 people died due to plague in Italy. Perhaps the pianos were some kind of good thing in the survivor’s lives’ to expression and create music. This was almost 14% of the population of the country at that time and also the time the piano had come around. There was an Economic decline; the powerful Habsburgs of Spain had dominated most of Italy in one form or another starting 1559 to 1713, and music and art continued to speak freely. In developing the piano Bartolomeo Cristofori had been working on getting a feel for the harpsichord to respond to touch. He developed a mechanical action that made it possible to sound simultaneously as many notes as one had fingers and do to this to be able to produce any work in the entire literature of Western music with variations of loud and soft according to the players touch at the keyboard. It included a complex mechanical action with a hammer that rose towards a string four times as fast as the finger, an escapement to allow the hammer to rebound from the freely vibrating string, a check for the hammer to prevent bouncing, and a shift so the hammer would play only one of the two strings to reduce volume. Cristofori’s hammer mechanism was so well designed, that no other of comparable sensitivity and reliability was developed as known for another seventy-five years. The highly compound accomplishment of the modern piano may be sketched directly to his original concepti on. Todays the piano sustains pitches in a lyrical fashion, creating all musical styles and moods and is universal all because of Bartolomeo Cristofori’s invention of the great musical instrument. This popular instrument has changed over the years (except for its hammers), and how its flexibility and expressiveness have inspired composers such as Beethoven, Schumann, Liszt, and Bartà ³k. It’s been pasted down for decades and artist today become best friends with the piano as they have the talent to sing and play with the piano. People have talents and a musical part in their life because of the invention that was lead down for decades starting from Beethoven. Pianos have improved from the 1700s of course from sound, shape and functionality since Bartolomeo Cristofori’s invention but he was the Italian that brought a different sound of music into our world. We went from having 88 keys on the piano 36 black and 52 white to high performance grand pianos with 92 keys as of today. From 1790 to the mid-1800s, piano technology and sound was greatly improved due to the inventions of the Industrial Revolution, such as the new high quality steel called piano wire, and the ability to precisely cast iron frames. The tonal range of the piano increased from the five octaves of the pianoforte to the seven and more octaves found on modern pianos. Around 1780, the upright piano was created by Johann Schmidt of Salzburg, Austria and later improved in 1802 by Thomas Loud of London whose upright piano had strings that ran diagonally. In 1881, an early patent for a piano player was issued to John McTammany of Cambridge, Mass. John McTammany described h is invention as a mechanical musical instrument. It worked using narrow sheets of perforated flexible paper which triggered the notes. A later automatic piano player was the Angelus patented by Edward H. Leveaux of England on 27 February 1879, and described as an apparatus for storing and transmitting motive power. John McTammanys invention was actually the earlier one invented (1876), however, the patents dates are in the opposite order due to filing procedures. On March 28, 1889, William Fleming received a patent for a player piano using electricity. Although before all these important beings and Bartolomeo Cristofori a man named Johannes Spinctus made the Spinet when later followed Bartolomeo Cristofori and his invention of the Spinettone which means â€Å"Big Spinet†. Not all of the piano elements where invented by Bartolomeo, but he did built the first piano and made great improvements in his time. Musicians that we still listen to their creations to including Bach and Beethoven first played on Bartolomeo Cristoforiâ₠¬â„¢s Harpsichord and liked to do so because of the higher pitch! Bartolomeo Cristofori put the pieces of the puzzle together for the invention of the piano. â€Å"The modern piano keyboard was first established during the 13th century of Medieval Europe with black and white wooden keys as it was later invented by Cristofori.† N/A (Unknown) Title Of Source: Piano History: The Complete Story. For decades the piano has become part of a business and career, and great talent of musical art. My boyfriend is a producer and he plays the piano and it is also a proven fact that music is the best medicine, specially hearing a piano play, and it was all because of the invention of the original piano back in time that lead to improved ones as of today. People evolved and became smarter and had the sources to build improved pianos. The piano is something that can be passed down for decades to come, just as Bartolomeo’s pieces have and changed the universe. Looking deeper into the Piano, it was created as corresponding to the flower of life. The flower of life is the original perfect geometric cemetry that created the universe. It is not only the root of mathematical proportions but also the source of shape, light of photonic solids and the source to every musical system in the world both known and unknown to humans, yes the dearest piano too. Isn’t it just phenomenal to know that music notes are separated by 90 degrees so are our chakras. So we can thank the flower of life that gave us the piano. The piano is a beautiful instrument that makes harmonic music and good for the soul. Now, what I came to conclusion is the piano might has not been able to change the world because wars, starvation and injustice continued. In the world of musicians and music lovers the piano was an improvement over the harpsichord which was only able to play loud of soft when levers where pushed. Many people try to push their dreams, because of their piano perfection and that opens doors to the talented! It’s nice to have a piano around; it’s a different feel every time, a great field of sound. Today 3 creations of Bartolomeo Cristofori from the years 1720, 1722, and 1726 remain in Museum’s around the world, but are too old and not playable. References Arkenberg, Rebecca. (October, 2002) Title of Source: Music in the Renaissance† Retrieved From: 2000http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/renm/hd_renm.htm Bellis, Mary. (Unknown) Title of Source: The History of the Piano Bartolomeo Cristofori Retrieved From: http://inventors.about.com/od/pstartinventions/a/piano.htm Cipolla, Carlo M. (1981) Title of Source: Fighting the Plague in Seventeenth Century Italy. Retrieved From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_plague_of_1629%E2%80%931631 Duchnycz, Jordan. (May, 2012) Title Of Source: Spirit Of Science 1-15 full movie series Retrieved From: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaDOkMEK4ukfeature=related Powers, Wendy. (October, 2003) Title Of Source: The Piano: The Pianofortes of Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) Retrieved From: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cris/hd_cris.htm N/A. (Unknown). Title of Source: Who Invented the Piano? Retrieved From: http://www.piano-play-it.com/who-invented-the-piano.html N/A (Unknown) Title Of Source: Piano History: The Complete Story Retrieved From: http://www.get-piano-lessons.com/piano-history.html

Descartes And Opposing Other Philosophical Views Philosophy Essay

Descartes And Opposing Other Philosophical Views Philosophy Essay Descartes had his fair share of opposing philosophers, but one of his main critiques was in the person of John Locke. I do not totally agree with his proposition that only the mind can produce certain knowledge and that our senses are always under the attack of the devil that deceives us. And by that note I will use Locke to oppose the main proposition of Descartes concerning doubt or the first meditation. Descartes first meditation focused on doubt and how knowledge is innate in us. In Descartes first meditation; there was this thought that since our senses can be considered as doubtful or deceiving, therefore the knowledge that came to us thorough the senses are doubtful and the knowledge that we now have is from the mind  [i]  . Descartes pointed out that we are in a dreaming state, that we are but in a state where in the senses that we have deceives us. Locke therefore proposed that we our sense are not deceiving us, we are not in a dream state; because for him knowledge can only be achieved through the senses and not by some innate ideas that is from our mind. This concept of ideas that comes from our minds posts some problems that were identified by Locke; one is that if one possesses this innate knowledge locked up in his mind, he or she therefore must have the consciousness that this knowledge exists, but by the mere fact that a child does not know that his parents are his or her parents proves that knowledge cannot be innate or can be only found in the mind. Locke then suggested that there are two kinds of experiences; one is what he called as external experience. External experience or is what he described as the experience which we can attain knowledge through the use of our five senses; the color, the smell, the motion and etc. of an object can be attributed to this kind of experience  [ii]  . In other words, sense experience is about the analysis of the physical characteristics of an object that is in front of you. The other kind of experience is what he calls as the internal experience or called as reflection  [iii]  ; this experience makes us understand or interpret the several characteristics that the external experience have produced; meaning the shape or taste of a an object is interpreted by this second experience. Locke here proposed that there is this cycle from which a certain object or a thought must go before it can be considered as a piece of information, which I truly believe would be the most correct process of understanding a certain object. Unlike what Descartes has been promulgating, Locke has made a logical process of how we could attain knowledge. Descartes has proposed that since our senses deceive us therefore anything that passes through our senses is considered to be doubtful or untrue. Now let us go to Descartes God argument. Descartes started by saying that the knowledge of God is again innate in us  [iv]  . Again we see the problem here in the statement of Descartes. Experience will teach us the moral principles and the background needed to understand and have the knowledge about God. Then how would God be innate in us if experience would be the basis for us to understand and have a notion about God. Our mind during our infancy and early years is what John Locke considered as a clean slate, a tabula rasa, wherein knowledge is added to it by the use of our sense experience and not by mere innate ideas. Moreover if we had this innate idea of God, then why is it that we all have different interpretations of him? Why is it that some people even come to the extent of not believing him or even not considering him as living? God for Descartes seemed to be the promulgator of all that is true. And for him sense experience is impossible because we can be deceived. So w ho is doing the deceiving? Descartes then pointed out that there was this being that is responsible for deceiving us by the use of our senses. He called this deceiver as the devil the cause of all the falsity that our senses produce. The thought that the senses can be deceived by the devil gives us the notion that all outside objects and might as well our senses can be controlled by the devil. And by saying this Descartes proves that our sense cannot be trusted but rather, our mind is the most trustworthy attribute. God for me is not an innate object or idea. As same as what Locke has said, our ideas of God varies and therefore we cannot say that there is this universal knowledge about God that is innate in all of us. Now that was done we shall now go to his second meditation where in we can find his most famous phrase Cogito ergo sum which translates to I think, therefore I am  [v]  . Using Lockes empiricist look I shall now ponder on this issue of the cogito. Since John Locke adheres to the idea that the senses are the source of knowledge and nothing else, it could be said that there would no need for a concept of the cogito. By the mere fact that we have a body and we can experience it is enough reason to say that we exist. Sense experience, as said earlier, is the basis for knowledge also it can prove that we exist. We can feel other bodies and other objects therefore it is a proof that we exist and we are not being deceived by any supernatural being. Our sense experience is enough proof that we are alive, we exist beyond reasonable doubt. Doubting the existence of our body is like saying that we do not feel or see or hear anything. We can see, we can feel, we can experience pain and pleas ure by the use of our bodies; therefore doubting it would require us to think that we do not feel anything, we do not feel the pain if our hand is put above fire. For me therefore I completely disagree with his second meditation. Next we go shall go to his interpretation of the body and the mind and how the mind is more known to us than the body  [vi]  . Locke argued that the body cannot be unhinged from the concept of the mind; for it is the body which sucks in outside stimuli to force the mind to think; the body therefore is our receptors for knowledge and since it is our first level of experience it can be considered as more known to us that the mind. Locke continued by saying that as we are not always in a pondering state therefore we are not that acquainted with our mind. Our body is a big strainer where in all of the outside stimuli can be felt. Our body is the receptacle of all things which we can feel or experience. Therefore our body is becomes our first contact with the outside world and by the fact that we can consider it as a first, then we could say that we know more about our body than our mind. For example we see a chubby woman running towards a fast food restaurant, isnt our first thought would be her size, her being chubby and not what she thinks? We first think about her physical appearance thus we could know first her appearance, but we cannot deduce what she is thinking; what her mind contains as we see her walking to a restaurant. Now we go to her third meditation which is about the existence of God  [vii]  . For me his justification of the existence of God is not that strong and I do not agree with it. If for example I have an idea of a dragon, then that dragon must be existing in reality; but it does not. So therefore I shall use the doctrines of St. Thomas on this. Gods existence can be proven by his effects, which are all the things that we can see here. The greatest example would be the world. It would be quite impossible for this sphere of land and water just appeared unwilled. Therefore there must be this all powerful being that created the world and its majesty. The effects of God therefore would be a stronger justification rather than saying that if we have an idea of a God or the God therefore we can say that he exists. Now we can go to the next meditation which involves the existence of material objects  [viii]  . Descartes in this part of his meditations that we can have knowledge, a correct knowledge, of material objects. Though he did say that this knowledge then must not pass through our senses but by again it should directly be processed in our mind. By the use of Locke, I can say that this proposition cannot be trusted or correct. How would external objects be processed through our minds directly without the use of our senses? This proposition seems to be, for me, an impossible thing to be done. Every material object has several physical characteristics that can only be felt by our senses and if we do not use these senses or if we do not experience these objects then it would be impossible for us to understand them or for our mind to interpret them. Lastly we shall now go to his last meditation which is the argument of mind and body  [ix]  . I agree with this part, that the body and the mind are two completely different entities; for the mind function differently from the body. The mind acts upon the by the use of outside stimuli that is received by our senses of the body. Therefore their duties are different from each other; the mind would be to control the bodily functions and interpret what the outside stimuli is expressing and the body is the one acted upon by the mind, but is the first to receive stimuli from the outside source. From my point of view, several meditations that were done by Descartes were simply not logical. His main contention of the mind being the first to receive experience or knowledge is very problematic. It suggests that the senses cannot be trusted, that all that the senses have perceived and the knowledge that has come from them are doubtful even if it is not. As I have said I do not agree with all of the ideas that were given to us by Descartes and I hoped I explained it properly by the use of the examples and by the use of the doctrine of John Locke.

The Nurse to Patient Ratio is Important Essay -- Nursing Essays

An English Nurse who laid the foundation for professional nursing, Florence Nightingale stated, â€Å"It may seem a strange principle to enunciate as the very first requirement in a hospital that it should do the sick no harm.† Acute care facilities try to maintain low costs and employ quality nurses, making the nurse-to-patient ratio become more of an issue with patient care. Nearly every person’s health care experience involves the contribution of a registered nurse, and the effects of not having an appropriate nurse to patient minimum ratio affects not only the patient and nurse physically, medically, but also the hospital financially. Determining nurse-to-patient ratios is a difficult task with no single or definite solution and many variables exist to develop guidelines to cover every possible situation in an acute care facility. There are two boards of the state of Ohio that help with patient safety and keeping a safe workplace for the healthcare professional such a nurse. The first board is the Ohio board of Nursing, and the following is their description of what they are responsible for: The Board exists solely to enforce the law and rules regulating practice. The Board has authority to establish requirements individuals must meet to obtain a license or certificate to practice nursing or provide dialysis care in Ohio. The Board approves pre-licensure nursing education programs and dialysis training programs, oversees the licensure examination of nurses, and takes disciplinary action when a licensee or certificate holder violates the law. These activities help to assure that only qualified individuals provide care to the public. The Board does not exist to advance the interests of the nursing profession or dialysis t... ...s, C., & Hess, R. (2009). Registered Nurses' Perceptions of Nurse Staffing Ratios and New Hospital Payment Regulations. Nursing Economic$, 27(6), 372-376. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. Costello, M. (2002). JCAHO workforce report says staff levels affect quality, safety. AHA News, 38(31), 1. Retrieved from Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition database. Garretson, S. (2004). Nurse to patient ratios in American health care. Nursing Standard, 19(14-16), 33-37. Griffiths, P. (2009). Staffing levels and patient outcomes. Nursing Management - UK, 16(6), 22-23. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.

steinback :: essays research papers

Jesus is William Blake’s â€Å"The Lamb†? William Blake’s poem, â€Å"The Lamb" is broken into two stanzas. Both stanzas have ten lines each. In the first part, each line rhymes with the next. There are a total of five rhyming parts in the first stanza. In the second stanza â€Å"name† and â€Å"Lamb† do not rhyme, but the other lines have the rhyming endings. The first two and the last two lines of each stanza are either the same or close to being the same. This is almost like a chorus to a song. In the first stanza â€Å"The Lamb†, opens with "Little Lamb, who made thee?" A child is most likely the speaker and asks the lamb how it came to be. The speaker wants to know how the lamb chooses where it feeds. Next, the speaker asks where the lamb got its’ wool "clothing" and its’ "tender voice" from. In the next stanza, the speaker tries to answer his own question. The speaker tells us that the lamb was made by someone who is called â€Å"a Lamb". The creator is a lot like a lamb. He is seen as gentle and pure, just like the speaker, a child, and a lamb. The lamb most likely symbolizes Jesus Christ. Every time Blake uses the word â€Å" Lamb† it is in The traditional image of Jesus, in the Catholic church, is seen as a lamb. The Christian values of gentleness, purity, and kindness are not only in Jesus but, also a lamb. In lines 16 and 17 the word â€Å"child† is mentioned. Jesus could also be seen as a child. Jesus left His mother and father in search of knowledge, as all children do when they go to school. He also lived under the watch of God, His father, like all children do. Finally, most people have heard how Jesus was killed on the cross. That showed how Jesus was seen as vulnerable, much like every child.

The Rocking-Horse Winner by D.H. Lawerence :: The Rocking-Horse Winner, D.H. Lawerence

"The Rocking-Horse Winner" by D.H. Lawerence talks about a family who lived in style, but always had anxiety in their house. There was never enough money. The parents knew the children were growing up and they would need money to send their children to school. The house came to be haunted with the phrase: There must be more money! There must be more money! The children could here it aloud but never dared to say it. The mother believed they were poor due to the fact her husband had no luck. One day the boy asked his mother what luck really was. She replied,"It's what causes you to have money. If you are lucky you have money. That's why it it's better to be rich. If you're rich you may lose your money. But if your lucky, you will always get more money." The boy told his mother he had luck. The boy knew she did not beleive him and this started the boy on his journey with the rocking horse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rocking horse gave luck, which is exactly what the boy, Paul, needed. Only Paul at first could hear the real truth from his rocking horse. The rocking horse would tell Paul who the winner of the race would be. Paul and his uncle Oscar used this information to gamble on horss and were able to win piles of money. This money he gave anomously to his mother to use for anything that was needed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was one night that Paul was riding his horse at full speed when suddenly a blaze of light hit him up. He screamed, "Malabar!" Then he fell off with a crash that would put him into unconsciousness; he never did recover from that fall. He died later that night. Paul needed his rocking horse, without it he would never have felt that luck.

Acs History

Cancer is detrimental to people. It is not just a sip le disease but is also treated as a human killer. It is considered as one of the most serious health problem next to heart disease. Being defined, cancer is illness on which the cells grow and divide beyond the normal limit, destroy other cells, and even spread this into different part and location of the body. This disease chooses no limit; anyone can have these types of condition. Millions of people suffer from this fatal condition. It was estimated by experts, that after several years, cancer would claim for about 6.2 million lives including men, women, and even children. Also, according to them, it is possible that there would be more victims affected by cancer globally for the coming years. However, given such fact, there are still many reported cases that successfully passed the tragic of having cancer. That’s why there have been different organizations who want to help the problem and minimize the number of victim of cancer. One of those organizations is the American Cancer Society, which has mire than 3,400 offices worldwide and is located at Atlanta Georgia.Former American Society for the Control of Cancer (ASCC), the American Cancer Society was established in 1913 joined by 15 physicians including business leaders in New York City. It was considered as one of the most unforgettable in the history of New York, for having such organization concern with public health. In the early 1913, cancer was not that known and not often reported to the public and society. Awareness of cancer was very low for that moment. Decease victimizes 75,000 people a year in the United States only cause by the decease itself.People involved in the society knew that they have to make public awareness through proper education and information dissemination about cancer if they want progress†¦ Doctors, nurses, and professionals had advertising campaigns containing articles that educate masses with regards to cancer. There has been a campaign that encourages doctors and physicians to be part of the society as well as the campaign. By 1936, Marjorie G. Illig came up with the idea of a new way to have that progress. The proposal was by creating an organization of new selected volunteers that will promote war against cancer.That was called the Women’s Field Army. First step done was to raise money by using different tactics. Through this, Clarence Little, who was the ASCC’s managing director reported that by 1935, 15,000 people who suffered cancer were in control. By 1938, number of victims of cancer reached up to ten times of the previous. After this, ASCC was renamed by American Cancer Society in the year 1945. 1946, they have risen for over $4 million reserved for the education program of the society. Year 1947, there has been public awareness through showing and releasing ads that indicates the signs of having cancer.This was called â€Å"Cancers Danger Signals†. These inc ludes: there’s a wound that does not heal, thickening in other part of the body most especially in the breast, abnormal bleeding, change or difference on warts, continuous indigestion and cough, and difference in bowel habits. After 10 years, this was changed and was replaced by CAUTION. 1980, Dr Sidney Farber was the first receiver of the Society’s program. Aminopterin was first used for the cure of the disease, followed by the era chemotherapy as another way of treatment for cancer.Through the years, they discovered that smoking is closely associated with the cause of cancer and showed the relevance of cleaning or termed Pap smear, Interferon as fighting drug for cancer and many more. They funded researches for over $3 billion dollars as well for the Novel Prize winner. Middle point of the American Cancer Society was the creation of the logo of the ACS. The sword which symbolizes the continuous fight for cancer and twined serpents symbolizes the prevention of the dis ease. Now, the organization has established their name which helps and supports the cancers victims.What we discussed is the positive side, now let’s look more about ACS. It was reported that the American Cancer Society is really receiving wealth being â€Å"charity†. From James Bennett, a professor in the course economics at the University of George Mason, declared that in 1988, ACS had a total balance of $410 million and worth $69 million of lands, buildings and equipment and spent only $90 million or just 26 percent of its budget for researches and other medical programs. The balance of the money was used for operating charges which includes salaries for employees, pensions and many more.By 1989, the fund reached up to $700 million and in 1991, trough the beliefs of the Americans that they greatly help in fighting cancer; they shared $350 million which was 6 percent higher than the previous year. Fund of ACS mostly comes from the public, but with the following decad es, corporations have also shared to support the program. Then, there exist the American Cancer Foundation mainly created so that ACS can now legally ask for fund in many ways like soliciting. The result of this effort was not wasted but instead a great success. There are millions of fund entered the organization.1992, there is this certain article who said that ACS is not really for the sake of cancer victims, but instead, for money and wealth. ACS didn’t stop searching way to gather funds. There is continuous fund raising that was said to support the cancer programs and having money at hand for about $750 million and assets. Also at the same year, the Wall Street Journal, author Thomas DiLorenzo declared that ACS owned over $11 million worth of land and real estate and also 56 cars which was owned by the executives and other 45 for the staffs and employees. Having the budget, they only gave its 10 percent for public services.Needless to say, not all money was brought to the cancer victims. Moreover, only 16 percent of the derived fund goes for the direct service of ACS. Where the money goes? Large percent of the fund raised by ACS went to salaries, travel expenses of executives, and many more. The truth is that more than half of the budget goes to the expenditure of the executives and employees. To be exact, that is about 52 percent of the fund raised obviously bigger than where the money should be allotted. There have been appeals for fund raising due to the insufficient fund, but the question is, why there is so much expenditure by top management.Donors and contributors believes that their contributions goes with the treatment of patients suffering from cancer and not for own goods. To achieve progress, there must be proper allocation of budget the aims to protect and help cancer victims. It should be use for different cancer services and programs. Another one, there exists the fund, for researches, they do not focus on the ways on how to prevent th e disease but instead promoting drugs that will cure cancer. Through this, people can conclude that they were not really aiming to fight cancer but instead to advertise products that will cure cancer.It seems that the fund supposedly for preventing cancer went to the research of drugs that will cure and later, will be sold to the people. In addition, the way used by ACS for fighting cancer is the â€Å"blame-the-victim† strategy. They continuously blame people rather than educating for a healthy environment unexposed to carcinogens. Their silence with the issue benefited corporations that are large contributors of pollution and carcinogens. Given their promises to wipe cancer 100 percent globally failed to the do so. They were not heard in the Congress even there are lots of opportunities to be heard.ACS continued to fail for responding with the Congress. These are the proofs: 1. 1971, ACS refused the invitation to have their testimony in FDA to ban the used of diethylstilbes trol (DES). 2. ACS disagreed that hair coloring products with dyes can also cause cancer. 3. ACS rejects the Congressional Moratorium which bans the use of saccharin. The continuous rejection of ACS tested their sincerity with the program and the organization for treating cancer. Because of this, there are scientist who declared that ACS was not performing well to prevent people from the elements in the environment that causes cancer.This report of criticism declared that the exposure of people in an environment rich in cancer causing elements resulted human suffered from the disease. What they want to imply is that, ACS should make ways to prevent cancer instead of researching things on how to cure it. Studies showed that exposure to different elements such carcinogens fasten the growth of cancer. What ACS should do is to respond with Congress, and make it as partner of imposing laws that will ban the used of different cancer causing elements. They should not neglect the opportunit y to solve the worsening problem of cancer.If they really want to advocate and help people against cancer, they should set objectives that promotes the prevention rather than in the way of curing. In addition, funds gathered should goes on where it should be, because there are lot of people who really want to address this worsening problem. They should not waste the time that the public still trust their name as one of the most charitable organization the helps the public. They have established a good name globally, it should be used well, so that people suffering from the disease receives what they should receive. It’s the life that matters, and life is the issue.We should not sacrifice one for our own sake. Works Cited DiLorenzo, T. J. Uneconomic war on cancer. Journal of Wall Street, March 1992, p. A10. Hall, H. , and Williams, G. Professor vs. Cancer Society. The Chronicle of Philanthropy, January 1992, p. 26. Bennett, J. T. , and DiLorenzo, T. J. Unhealthy Charities and Wealth. Basic Books, New York, 1994. ACS Inc.. ACS History: http://www. cancer. org/docroot/AA/content/AA_1_4_ACS_History. asp. retrieved November 10,2007 Bennett, J. T. , and DiLorenzo, T. J. Unhealthy Charities: Hazardous to Your Health and Wealth. Basic Books, New York, 1994.

First Year Writing Essay

The prototypical form biota majors and history major of YU ar every(prenominal) asking themselves the very(prenominal) question How is First twelvemonth constitution going to help me? As an report major in the Syms School of Business, I was extremely troubled by the university sine qua non to take first kind constitution as well. How depart FYW help me with oddment sheets? I asked myself. How will this kind break down me an explanation internship this summer that I so desperately guide to mend my heal? Seemingly, FYW will not assist me in realizing my professional aspirations.Furthermore, the requirements of a dual broadcast are taxing enough without the added turn over an extra, un inevitable requirement. Having finished the course, I consider that First Year composing should be authorization for all students for three reasons FYW raises students knowingness of diminutive schoolingal issues, it develops their composing accomplishments, and cultivates i ngenious in take careence. In my First Year Writing class, I was first exposed to articles that dealt with educational issues such as the promotion of online-education and the promotional material of math and cognizance at the expense of the cock-a-hoop Arts.My prof began a class discussion nigh the popularization of online education by assigning David Brooks article The Campus Tsunami. permit documents the millions of dollars dedicated by elite colleges such as Harvard and M. I. T. to e-learning the year. to begin with ruminateing upon and researching the issue, I thought of e-learning as a convenient, cheap and efficient form of education. Brookss article confirmed my sign feelings. However, in this FYW required readings like an An elite group College Education, Online? (which were response letters to Brooks article) and Summa Cum Avaritia by mountain pass Brommel that laboured me to engage the alternative time period of veiw. These two articles argue that online classes should not succeed the class experience because online classes reconceive knowledge as info (Brommel,73).Brommel distinguishes between knowledge and information and argues that online classes can convey only the latter. Students are delivered the facts besides are not obligate to synthesize the information with the rest of what they know. In the traditional classroom, profs introduce the students to omprehensive knowledge, not barely information. After reading these articles, I think that e-learning diminishes the quality of education. Simply confide, online education cannot subjunction the classroom experience. As a provide of FYWs student discussions and assigned readings, I reconsidered and, ultimately, shifted my hitch of e-learning.But who cares that you changed your view of e-learning? unrivalled mogul ask. But my view on e-learning has consequences. It might determine who I vote for (candidates disagree around online education) and, perhaps, the future choices I willmake regarding my childrens education. Although I do not have children, I hope to integrity day. ) In addition to raising my knowingness of important educational issues, FYW gave me the opportunity to improve my writing skills. Before submitting my first es say, I went to the writing center for help. After I read over the essay to the prof at the writing center, he put a sorry X on the paper and recommended that I straighten outly limn my ideas originally beginning the writing process. Where is your thesis statement? Why does each unitary of your paragraphs have three different ideas? he asked. Quickly realizing that I was a novice writer, the professor gave me some instructive tips.Now, before I start writing an essay, I outline what I want to say in each paragraph. And after ofttimes practice, I have a go against understanding of how to formulate a clear thesis statement, simply my supporting paragraphs, and turn away general sweeping statements. In short, FYW h as make myself and students like me better writers. Nevertheless, a science or business major might question whether writing is always a valuable skill. I maintain that the skill of writing assists is obligatory for success as college student and professional, regardless of whizs major or career.In my first semester at YU, I was assigned a term paper in my trouble course, in which I was expected to clearly answer personal questions like what is your hallucination for your career? No amount of biology or accounting could provide me with the tools necessary to answer the above question. FYW enabled me to both reflect upon and clearly talk my professional aspirations. In addition to helping one in the classroom, developed writing skills, assist one in the workplace as well. Again, in my first semester, I asked my accounting professor to push clear up the exam so that I could finish an essay out-of-pocket that day.As I offered my excuse, I began to frame about the impracticali ty of writing for accountants. My professor sighed and whence replied, When are you kids going to learn that writing is important so far in accounting? He explained that writing skills are necessary in order to communicate monetary statements in a coherent manner. gravely written reports with grammatical errors will wishing credibility. Conversely, a well drafted report will be readily understood. My professors example reflects Brent Stapless description of writing as a critical strategy for students to prepare them to succeed in the work place (34).But as Mark Sloukas article put down demonstrates, Staples and my accounting professors view of writing does not fully juggle the importance of writing and the humanities. Most importantly, FYW has forced me to become quickly independent. As a former soldier in the Israeli Defense forces, I struggled with the ad reasonablement to yeshivah University aliveness. In the I. D. F. , I lived a behavior of obedience I ate when tol d to eat, slept when told to sleep, and even showered was I was told to shower.Israeli soldiers live by the adage, rosh bakir, which roughly translates to dont think, just do. In contrast to the IDF, my FYW course styled itself off of Mark Edmunsons concept of democratic thinking, where each student is encouraged and, in fact, expected to offer his own thoughts. During my year and half long troops service, my life choices were made for me. But upon entering YU, my FYW course required that I agree intellectual independence in evaluating the Purpose of Liberal Arts, a difficult task for a soldier whose bathroom breaks were previously timed.Initially, I viewed my professor as commander and myself as soldier. I relied on her exact directions about how to write the essay at hand. Quickly, my professor identified my dependency and challenged me to develop and articulate my own thoughts. But one need not serve in the army in order to fear independence. bid soldiers, students who simpl y who go with the flow depend heavily on things like cordial pressure and parental guidance. FYW forces students to exercise their intellectual independence in reflecting on big questions like Purpose of Liberal Arts. end-to-end this essay, I have argued that that First Year Writing should be mandatory for all students for three basic reasons. First, FYW raises awareness about critical life issues of which online education is but a single example. Second, even accounting majors who may not arouse in the humanities can apply the writing skills they acquired from FYW when doing assignments for other classes and, eventually, when drafting fiscal statements. But most importantly, FYW should be mandatory because it forces students to exercise their intellectual independence.

Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Essay

Infrastructure is currently an agency, instead of an asset.Thus, a foundation in which an organization can determine how to achieve current and future aims. There are many types of EA frameworks start with specified capabilities. Some of these frameworks include ToGAF, Zachman, FEAF, DoDAF and EAP. The aim of this unpublished paper is to analyze ToGAF, and analyze how it compares with other EA frameworks.As the database consultant it will be required to help with the growth of a design plan for young student records.Business architecture allows the definition of governance, business strategy, the organization and any other important processes of the given organization.Applications architecture allows the special provision of the blueprint for the specific application to enable the interaction, deployment and create relationships between the important business cognitive processes of a given organization. Data architecture describes the structure of the given organization and defin es physical and logical available data assets that are in the given organization. Technical architecture defines the software, hardware logical and network infrastructure that is in place and the required technical resources to accomplish the special mission in question.

Although there might be other system which may call for improved degree of european integration for instance one of these information systems may perform better in isolation.Its ability to be tailored ensures that organizational needs are factored in each of the different execution steps of the architecture planning process. The process is usually cyclic and iterative because the entire process is split into phases. The ADM supports nine phases; the part first is the preliminary and the second to the ninth ranges from Phase A to Phase H. Each phase requirements are checked and ensured that it fulfills its basic needs.Early contractor participation is an increasing trend, resulting in an improved function for the profession therefore the digital construction design might be used for procurement, construction sequencing and cost management to prepare the integration protocols unlooked for builders and subcontractors.Enterprise Continuum brings together Solutions and Architecture Continuum. The Architecture Continuum different structures the re-usable architecture assets, which brings together representations, rules, relationships of information systems that are available to the enterprise.The Solutions Continuum defines the blocks that are used by the Architecture Continuum. This then allows the architectural old building models and blocks that assists building the architecture design and eliminates ambiguity during statistical analysis and implementation of the process.

Furthermore, the organizations implement the ones that arent relevant and do logical not analyze.The Zachman Framework covers the 30 cells, but the TOGAF does not cover click all the cells. However, it is possible for the TOGAF to develop viewpoints to accomplish aspects of Zachman Framework. Nevertheless, there are some viewpoints that are supported by TOGAF, which are not included in the Zachman Framework. For example, the missing viewpoints include manageability and security.Kind of support is used to grasp the technical, social, and healthcare troubles.FEAF structure resembles with TOGAF because it is portioned into Data, Business, Technology logical and Applications Architectures.Thus, it contains guidance that is analogous to TOGAF architecture and its architectural viewpoints logical and perspectives. However, the rows that are in the FEAF matrix do not directly large map to TOGAF structure. However, the mapping of ADM to Zachman Framework has some significant correlatio n between TOGAF and FEAF.

Its possible to discover businesses that provide incredibly affordable rates.The first three various phases in the EAP (Business Architecture) maps to the Phase B of TOGAF ADM. multiple Baseline Description, which is the step 4 in EAP maps to Phases C and D of TOGAF ADM.These are some of the basic features that both frameworks share. However, EAP what does not support taxonomy of various views and viewpoints when compared to the TOGAF architecture.The capability to share sources is regarded as a means to produce the organization more resource efficient.This perspective is different when it comes to the DODAF architecture. DoDAF main functionality focus on the architecture through a god given set of views without any specified methodology, a perspective that is different from TOGAF, which has a specific methodology (Bernus & red Fox 2005). ADM guides the way that TOGAF operates, an aspect that is less exhibited in the DoDAF.This is because the same purpose of architecture determ ines description of use and supports a well tailored process to fulfill the requirements of the EA (McGovern & Ambler 2003).

There are plenty of benefits which are supplied as a consequence of implementation and the economic development of powerful relationships.Deliverables and artifacts that are defined in the DoDAF have no corresponding parts in the TOGAF ADM. This is because DoDAF goes deeper in determining details of the specific architecture. Thus, DoDAF are at the system design level rather than in TOGAF, which is in the architecture level. Nevertheless, the level of detail best can be included in the ADM especially at Phase B, C and D of the TOGAF.The thought of starting a military post writing and promotion strategy might attempt in order to be enormous venture, but should the occasion you accept it one step for a moment, it turns into a wonderful deal.Thus, TOGAF plays an important role, which is envisaged by other Enterprise Architecture Framework. It fulfills the requirements that it is assigned, however, fulfills it different from the other EA frameworks. ReferencesBernus, P. & Fox, M. < /p>

The intention of this private enterprise is signaled in the former clause.It brings together the different models and forms of a framework into fulfilling a requirement. Thus, it develops interchange mathematical models between the given modeling tools, maintain its interdependencies and knowledge on the re-use of enterprise models.The authors also provide only means towards the achievement of the ISO9001:2000. The book brings into consideration Design of Information Infrastructure Systems for Manufacturing (DIISM’04) and kidney International Conference on Enterprise Integration and Modeling Technology (ICEIMT’04).The objective of EA is to present so it may get goals and the company targets the guidelines which could be put into place.New York: Addison-Wesley Publishers. The book provides proven solutions to the problems that are experienced by information system developers.The first book utilizes code example in terms of C+ and Java. The book turns the problems d eeds that are associated with enterprise applications developers into a new strategy that eliminates these problems and ensures deeds that the developers are in an environment that they can easily embrace.

(2005). Enterprise Architecture at Work: Modeling, Communication, and Analysis. New York: Springer. The authors bring clearly the complexities that how are associated with architectural domains.The authors also provide means to assess both qualitative impact and quantitative aspects of the given architectures. Modeling language that is utilized has been used in real-life cases.McGovern, J. & Ambler, S.The book contains guidelines deeds that assist the architects to make sense of the systems, data, services, software, methodologies, logical and product lines. The book also provides explanation of the theory and its application to the less real world business needs. Perks, C. & Beveridge, T.The authors’ clearly explains development of a modeling concept through various technical architecture, e-business and gap analysis. Moreover, the book brings into consideration operating systems and software engineering principles. Moreover, the first book relates EA with service insta nces, distributed computing, application software and enterprise application integration. Ross, J.

The aim of EA is to define the requirements of an organization in terms of new job roles, standardized tasks, infrastructure, system and data. Moreover, the book also gives guidelines in the way that organizations will compete in a digitalized world providing managers with means to make decisions and realize visions that they had planned. Thus, the book explains EA vital role in fulfilling the execution of a given business strategy.The book provides thoughtful case examples, clear frameworks, and a proven and effective only way of achieving EA.New York: Springer Publishers. The authors’ brings into consideration the benefits that are associated with utilizing of varies EA frameworks. It brings into consideration the various differences that are seen in each EA framework. Moreover, the authors explores the benefits that free will result if a given framework is utilized in a given business strategy.New York: Trafford Publishers. This first book defines the role that is pla yed by enterprise Architecture Frameworks bringing clearly the main difference between the common private Enterprise Architecture Frameworks. This book provides the right procedures and means that can allow sexual selection of the right Enterprise Architecture Framework.The book further gives the history and overview of various Enterprise Architecture theoretical Frameworks and the capabilities that the specified Enterprise Architecture.Dynamic Enterprise Architecture: How to Make it work. New York: John Wiley and Sons Publications. The authors of the book present a way towards EA that enables organizations to achieve the objectives of their business.The book focuses on governance of the IT organization, legal advice and strategies provide tangible tools that assist in the achievement of the goals of the organization.

Promoting Cognitive Development Essay

Pi jump ont was arouse in how minorren deem Piaget says minorren instruct with scintillating, video, cognitive out harvest-feast. He studys lay the developing and nails. He counts that peasantren instruct by doing or write as their fears. anal retentive peg is an in-chief(postnominal) comprise. B.F. muleteer is a. appearanceistic he believed that manner is lettered such as praising. He believes to panegyric for dangerous subtlegs and non for sturdy carriage rationalize it. He as well believes that if you adulation to lots(prenominal) a tyke leave behind equitable do things to beguile the p bent. Les Vygotsky believes that kidren retroflex what they underwrite their p argonnts doing. He believed in cultural, Vygotsky believes in pincerren manuf wreakure familiarity.Vygotsky believes genial moveion is resilient ingredients in discipline in cultivation. Vygotsky believes the children should be sh aver so they enkindle be successful. Pi aget, Eriksons, skinner and Vygotsky believe that children squ be off by how and they compute they besides check out with intelligent and cognitive development. Eriksons and Freud add together with Piaget that children involve by doing and they as well as go steady by their fears. such(prenominal) as firing to the make, the seduce period of play and interact with distri onlyively urinateer(a) interchangeable they ar doctors. They stand-in things that a doctor would use.Eriksons and Freud withal thin the anal gunpoint is Coperni lav because that is when children atomic number 18 organism privy skilful and use the fundament by their selves. They atomic number 18 schooling how outstanding it is to swoosh their hands. boorren be underdeveloped societal fundamental inter march at this judgment of conviction because they argon be developed. If a child is having a unattackable prison term doing something on their own and forbid messing up the t to eac h oneer should represent the child to do it. exempt how each idealogue would orgasm the issues of cognitive development to early on childhood.Is pursuit the growth and mind changing and reason capabilities of cognitive behavior. A mentalist examines larn and store problems resolution and intelligence. Piaget believes that children tick off from pull through and ar innate(p) with convey schemas a pattern how to act and oppose to the world. Children earn and shed light on theirs ideals in their minds term they explore the world. companionship is learned by the performance as child does by doing more than(prenominal)(prenominal). Childrens comeledge does non develop, but is much several(predicate) form enceinte knowledge. (pg.7) accord to Piagetian post is a child has incompatible stages and development. translation and make-up ar more mold more by accomplishment.Vygotsky believe that well-disposed fundamental interaction places accent mark on s tages of behavior Vygotsky says the erudition is a subject area of internalizing of expression and action of others. Adults can service of process children make for problems by discussing them with the child. (infoncrel.org) Keiths advice or so Jasmine is that all told children determine in unalike ways. When it comes to children they should know that they are carried for. The cognitive development stages that a child learns by doing and experiment. Psychosocial and animal(prenominal) influences to be seen by. Piaget says during the pre operational stages which normally are from the ages 2-7. At this age children learn wording and they let down to simulate play. At the ages 7-11 is the concrete operational stage and children also gain world power to wreak problems. The in conclusion stages are 11-adolescent usually makes more abstractly to pull in problems and hypothesize symbolically close things that are not actually at that place concretely in movement of t hem. (Piagets) origin copyright northwestern primordial regional educational Laboratory. disconnection deflect vegetable marrowhttp// disconnectednessbend.org/pov/view_doc.phpPiaget, J. and Child Development.